The Brain Emits Biophotons

Exploring ultraweak photon emissions as optical markers of brain activity

Brains are highly metabolic organs that emit ultraweak photon emissions (UPEs), which predict oxidative stress, aging, and neurodegeneration. UPEs are triggered by neurotransmitters and biophysical stimuli, but they are also generated by cells at rest and can be passively recorded using modern photodetectors in dark environments. UPEs play a role in cell-to-cell communication, and neural cells might even have waveguiding properties that support optical channels. However, it remains uncertain whether passive light emissions can be used to infer brain states as electric and magnetic fields do for encephalography. The study presents evidence that brain UPEs differ from background light in spectral and entropic properties, respond dynamically to tasks and stimulation, and correlate moderately with brain rhythms. We discuss these findings in the context of other neuroimaging methods, the potential of new measurement parameters, the limitations of light-based readouts, and the possibility of developing a platform to readout functional brain states: photoencephalography.

Dr. Nicolas Rouleau is a neuroscientist, bioengineer, and Assistant Professor of Health Sciences at Wilfrid Laurier University. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University and Affiliate Scientist at the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts. Dr. Rouleau was the last PhD student of Michael Persinger of Laurentian University, whose work on the electromagnetic bases of consciousness inspired Rouleau to pursue his dissertation on the material-like properties of brain tissues, including their capacity to filter electromagnetic fields. In 2017, he joined the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University as a Postdoctoral Researcher and was a founding member of David Kaplan's Initiative for Neural Science, Disease, & Engineering at Tufts, focusing on minimal cognitive responses in bioengineered brain models.

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